N-1-1 Contingency: A sequence of events consisting of the initial loss of a single generator or transmission component (Primary Contingency), followed by system adjustments, followed by another loss of a single generator or transmission component (Secondary Contingency).
Modeling N − 1 security in power system capacity expansion problems introduces many extra constraints if all possible outages are accounted for, which leads to a high computational burden. Typical approaches to avoid this burden consider only a subset of possible outages relevant to a given dispatch situation.
A key analytical tool used for this purpose is known as "N-1 contingency analysis," which evaluates how a power system would perform if any single component failed or was unexpectedly removed from service.
In this paper, we introduce optimization models for N-1-1 contingency analysis, based on DC optimal power flow considerations. We use mixed-integer programming approaches to optimally model the system adjustments required to avoid potential cascading outages during the primary and secondary contingencies.
Contingency analysis (CA) is fundamental to power system planning and operation. The compensation method and linear power flow (LPF) models are frequently used in CA to boost efficiency. However, the conventional compensation scheme fails to adapt to modern LPF models with novel structures.
This paper explores a computationally efficient method to analyze the severity and the ranking of N-1-1 contingencies for large power system SSA. The performance of the FDLF based SSA method is demonstrated on two standard IEEE 14 and 118 bus systems.
This paper presents a power system unit commitment problem considering the N-1-1 reliability criterion with operations compliance check on economic dispatch and power flows under contingency states and renewable energy integration.
This paper considers the expansion of an electric power system to achieve the N-1-1 reliability criterion with operation compliance check on unit commitment, economic dispatch, and power flow under contingency states. The resulting problem yields a very large
Potential risk of the power system is identified based on N-1 contingency test for the given system structure. For insecure power systems which do not meeting the N -1 contingency test, the severity of potential risk is rated according to load shedding and operating constraint violation.
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